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GrammarComparing things

Comparing things

There are several ways to compare things:

  • “bigger / better than …”: the comparative form → Comparative.
  • “the biggest / the best”: the superlative → Superlative.
  • Equality: “as … as” or “the same” → covered here.
  • Similarity & difference: “like …”, “differs from …” → covered here.
  • Proportion: “the more … the better” → covered here.

This guide handles those last three - comparing things without a comparative form. For “bigger / better than …” and “the biggest”, visit the Comparative and Superlative articles.

“As … as”

To say two things are equal in some quality we can choose one of three patterns, depending on if we are comparing an action, a quality, or an amount.

так жекак: comparing actions & manner

Use this when you’re comparing how something is done. The pattern is “(verb) так же (adverb) как (noun)“:

  • (He runs as fast as I do.)
  • (She sings as beautifully as her sister.)
  • (I get up as early as you.)

The verb can be implicitly "to be":

  • (It’s as cold here as it is outside.)
  • (It’s as hard for me as for you.)
  • (It’s as much fun at our place as at yours.)

Without the adverb, так же on its own means “in the same way” and qualifies the verb directly:

  • (He does it the same way as I do.)
  • (She thinks the same way as I do.)
  • (It’s written the same way it sounds.)

For the negative “not as … as”, drop же and use не таккак:

  • (He doesn’t run as fast as I do.)

By the way: Don’t confuse it with та́кже written as one word, which means “also”.

тако́й жекак: comparing qualities & things

Use this when you’re comparing a quality (adjective) or a thing (noun):

  • (She’s as smart as her sister.) — a quality (adjective)
  • (He has the same kind of car as I do.) — a thing (noun)

Here the adjective or noun follows тако́й же directly.

тако́й же is itself an adjective, so it agrees with its noun in gender, number and case (see тако́й for its declension).

For the negative “not as … as”, just add не: (He’s not as tall as you.)

сто́лько жеско́лько: comparing amounts

Use this for quantities: “as much / as many … as”. Note that the counted noun goes in the genitive:

  • (I have as many books as you.)
  • (He earns as much as I do.)

The negative works differently here, with не так мно́гокак:

  • (I don’t have as many books as you.)

“The same”

There is two different meanings of “the same”: тако́й же (the same kind) and тот же (the very same object):

RussianMeaningExample
тако́й жеthe same kind (a matching one) (I have the same [kind of] bag.)
тот жеthe very same one (identical object) (We live in the same house.)
тот же са́мыйthe exact same one (emphasized) (It’s the exact same mistake.)

The са́мый is optional emphasis: тот же already means “the very same one”, and тот же са́мый just makes it “the exact same one”. It agrees with the noun like an adjective (тот же са́мый дом, та же са́мая кни́га, то же са́мое сло́во).

Two more useful words:

  • одина́ковый (identical, matching) (We have identical phones.)

      	</li>
      	<li>
      		<span className='native'>одно́ и то же</span> <span className='tl'>(the same thing)</span>
    
  • (You keep saying the same thing.)

      	</li>
      </ul>
    

Similar and different

These verbs and phrases each come with a fixed case or preposition — learn them together:

PhraseTakesExample
похо́ж на (similar to / looks like)+ accusative (He looks like his father.)
отлича́ться от (to differ from)+ genitive (Tea differs from coffee.)
в отли́чие от (unlike)+ genitive (Unlike his brother, he likes sport.)
по сравне́нию с (compared with)+ instrumental (Compared with last year, prices went up.)
ра́зница ме́жду (the difference between)+ instrumental (the difference between tea and coffee)

“The more … the better”: чемтем

Let's start with the examples:

  • (The more, the better.)
  • (The earlier you come, the better.)
  • (The longer I wait, the more nervous I get.)

For proportional comparisons (“the more X, the more Y”) you can use чем + comparative … тем + comparative. Both halves use a comparative and both чем and тем don't change their form.

Common mistakes

  • Wrong case after похо́ж. It takes на + accusative.
    похо́ж с отцо́м (wrong)похо́ж на отца́ (correct)
  • Wrong case after отлича́ться. It takes от + genitive.
    отлича́ется с (wrong)отлича́ется от (correct)
  • Confusing тако́й же and тот же. тако́й же = same kind; тот же = the identical one.
  • Forgetting to make тако́й же agree. така́я же маши́на, таки́е же лю́ди.

Summary

  • “As … as”: так жекак (adverbs), тако́й жекак (adjectives/nouns), сто́лько жеско́лько (amounts).
  • “The same”: тако́й же = same kind; тот же (са́мый) = the very same; одина́ковый = identical.
  • Similar / different: похо́ж на + acc., отлича́ться от + gen., в отли́чие от + gen., по сравне́нию с + instr.
  • Proportional: чем + comparative … тем + comparative (чем бо́льше, тем лу́чше).
  • For “bigger than” and “the biggest”, see Comparative and Superlative.

This grammar

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Contains 13 words

Vocabulary

похо́жийsimilar; alike
одина́ковыйidentical; the same
тако́йsuch; like this
са́мыйthe most; the very
отлича́тьсяto differ; to be different
отли́чиеdifference; distinction
ра́зницаdifference
сравне́ниеcomparison
ме́ждуbetween
чемthan
темthe (more / better); all the more
та́кжеalso; too
у́мныйsmart; clever

Exercises

We have 57 exercises for this topic.

Exercise 1 of 57

“He looks like his father.” — Он похо́ж _____ отца́.