soil russian
земля́
earth, soil, ground
the Earth
land, country, territory
land, dry land, shore
state, federal state
роди́ть
to give birth, to bear (a child), to have (a baby)
to yield (of soil), to produce (crops), to bring forth
копа́ть
to dig, to dig out, to excavate
to dig up, to harvest (root crops)
to dig over, to turn over (soil)
взорва́ть
to blow up, to blast, to detonate, to set off
to infuriate, to enrage, to exasperate, to make lose one's temper
to plough up, to break up (soil)
по́чва
soil, earth, ground
basis, base, grounds
разрабо́тка
development, design
working out, elaboration, drawing up
mining, exploitation (of a deposit), working
mine workings, workings, underground mines
cultivation (of land), breaking (of soil)
разрыва́ть
to tear, to tear apart, to rip up
to break off, to sever, to terminate
to dig up, to dig open, to turn over (soil)
to rummage through, to ransack, to turn upside-down
уде́лать
to make dirty, to soil, to mess up
to beat, to defeat, to outdo, to surpass
to beat up, to thrash, to do over
to do, to get done, to fix up
испа́чкать
to soil/make dirty/desecrate with awful words
истощённый
exhausted, worn out, drained
emaciated, undernourished, wasted
depleted, exhausted (of soil or resources)
запа́чкать
to soil/make dirty/also to disgrace or defame
па́чкать
to soil/make dirty/also to disgrace or defame
ма́зать
to spread, to smear, to butter (bread)
to rub in, to apply (cream or ointment)
to soil, to make dirty, to get (something) messy
to anoint
взрыва́ть
to blow up, to blast, to detonate, to set off
to infuriate, to drive mad, to make lose one's temper
to plough up, to turn up (soil), to dig up, to loosen (earth)
запятна́ть
to sully, to tarnish, to taint, to besmirch
to stain, to soil, to spot
to brand, to mark with a brand
нага́дить
to foul (a place), to defecate (in), to soil
to do (someone) a bad turn, to play a dirty trick on, to mess things up for, to harm
загрязня́ть
to pollute, to contaminate
to soil, to dirty, to make dirty
to defile, to besmirch, to tarnish
отшлёпать
to spank, to give a spanking, to smack
to soil, to get dirty, to splash with mud
to trudge (a distance), to wade (a distance)
га́дить
to defecate, to foul (a place), to soil
to spoil, to botch, to mess up
to play dirty tricks (on someone), to make mischief, to do someone harm
земляно́й
земля (adj) (about the ground or soil of earth)
грунт
soil, earth, ground
subsoil, substratum, foundation soil
bottom (of a body of water), seabed
primer, priming coat
мара́ть
to soil, to make dirty, to stain, to smear
to besmirch, to sully, to dishonour, to tarnish
па́чкаться
to get dirty, to soil oneself, to make oneself dirty
to soil oneself, to mess oneself
мерзлота́
frozen ground, frozen state of the soil, ground frost
permafrost
перекопа́ть
to dig up (all of), to dig over, to turn over (soil)
to search everywhere, to rummage through, to turn upside down
to dig a trench across, to cut across with a ditch
to dig up again, to re-dig
ма́заться
to rub oneself (with cream), to apply (ointment) to oneself, to put on (lotion)
to put on makeup, to wear makeup, to make oneself up
to soil oneself, to get oneself smeared, to get dirty
загрязни́ть
to soil, to dirty, to make dirty
to pollute, to contaminate
to besmirch, to sully, to tarnish
обма́зать
to coat, to putty, to besmear, to soil
па́костить
to play dirty tricks, to do nasty things, to behave meanly
to soil, to dirty, to make a mess, to spoil
целина́
virgin land, virgin soil, untilled land
new ground, uncharted territory, untrodden ground
the Virgin Lands
замара́ться
to soil oneself, to get oneself dirty
обга́дить
to soil, to befoul, to make dirty, to mess up
to badmouth, to denigrate, to slander, to trash (someone's reputation)
напа́костить
to play a dirty trick, to do the dirty on, to mess things up (for someone)
to make a mess, to soil, to dirty
пятна́ть
to stain, to soil, to spot
to besmirch, to smirch, to tarnish, to blemish
to tag, to catch
to brand (cattle), to mark with a brand
вы́мазать
to smear, to besmear, to dirty, to soil
вскопа́ть
to loosen soil by digging
земли́ца
little plot of land, dear land, native soil
распа́хивать
to fling open, to throw open, to open wide
to plough up, to till, to break (soil)
новина́
virgin soil, newly ploughed land, new field
freshly reaped grain, new harvest
unbleached linen, piece of coarse linen
novelty, piece of news
modern heroic epic, Soviet-era folk epic
затере́ть
to jam, to give one no chance, to soil, to make dirty
са́лить
to grease, to smear with grease, to oil
to soil with grease, to make greasy
to tag (in the game of tag), to touch (a player)
мара́ться
to soil oneself, to get oneself dirty
перепа́чкать
to soil all over, to make dirty all over
затира́ть
to jam, to give one no chance, to soil, to make dirty
солонча́к
alkali soil, saline land, salt-marsh
обма́зывать
to coat, to putty, to besmear, to soil
новь
virgin soil, virgin land, newly ploughed land
something new, new beginning
new harvest, new grain
перема́заться
to get smeared all over, to soil oneself, to besmear oneself
to smear oneself again, to reapply cream to oneself
перема́зать
to soil, to make dirty, to dirty, to bedaub
по́чвенный
soil, ground
напа́чкать
to soil
солоне́ц
saline soil, solonetz
salt spring, salt lake, salt lick
прокопти́ть
to smoke, to cure in smoke, to soil with smoke, to soot
вы́пачкать
to soil, to dirty, to stain
заса́ливать
to salt, to pickle (in brine), to preserve by salting
to make greasy, to stain with grease, to soil with grease
измара́ть
to soil
сугли́нок
loam, loamy soil
грязни́ть
to soil, to make dirty, to dirty up
to besmirch, to sully, to tarnish, to defame
to pollute, to contaminate
выма́зывать
to smear, to besmear, to dirty, to soil
почвове́дение
soil science
почвове́д
soil scientist
му́слить
to soil, to beslaver, to beslobber, to dog-ear
худоро́дный
low-born, of low birth, of humble origin
infertile, barren, poor (of soil)
захвата́ть
to soil, to thumb, to take with, to seize
выма́рывать
to dirty, to soil, to besmear, to strike out
грунто́вый
ground-, soil-, subsoil-
dirt (road), unpaved, earthen
priming, primer-, undercoat-
перема́зывать
to re-grease, to re-oil, to smear again
to smear all over, to soil all over, to smudge all over
намара́ть
to soil, to stain, to dirty, to smut
измара́ться
to soil oneself
задри́пать
to soil, to make dirty, to spatter
почвове́дческий
soil-science
измы́згивать
to soil all over
обма́рывать
to soil, to dirty
почвообраба́тывающий
soil-cultivating
вы́грязниться
to get dirty, to become dirty, to soil oneself
вска́пывающий
digging up, spading, cultivating (soil)
перека́пывающий
digging over, redigging, turning over (soil)
взмёт
first ploughing, breaking up (of soil), skim ploughing
freshly ploughed field
обша́ркивать
to wear out (by rubbing), to fray, to scuff
to soil, to dirty up, to mess up
изрыва́ть
to dig up, to churn up, to turn over (soil), to root up
to pit, to furrow, to pockmark, to make uneven
to tear up, to tear to shreds, to rip apart
сухме́нь
drought, dry weather, dry spell
dry soil, arid land, barren waste
heat, sultriness, swelter
взрыхле́ние
loosening, tilling, breaking up (of soil)
утучня́ться
to grow fat, to put on fat, to fatten up
to become fertile, to grow rich (of soil), to grow lush
вы́возить
to take out, to carry out, to remove, to haul away
to export
to evacuate, to get out, to rescue, to save
to soil all over, to bedraggle, to smear
перерывавший
interrupting, breaking off, discontinuing
digging up, turning over (soil), rummaging through, ransacking
обму́сливать
to slobber over, to beslobber, to moisten with saliva, to lick all over
to soil with slobber, to smear all over, to make slobbery
утучняющий
fattening, fat-producing
fertilizing, enriching (soil)
утучнявший
fattening
fertilizing (soil), enriching
обсусо́ливать
to slobber over, to beslobber, to cover with saliva
to smear, to soil, to mess up
перелопа́чивавший
shoveling, turning over with a shovel, sifting (soil)
sifting through, poring over, going through (a lot of material), reviewing
вы́грязнить
to soil, to make dirty, to get (something) dirty, to dirty up
to besmirch, to sully, to defame, to drag through the mud
to pollute, to contaminate
подзо́л
podzol, podzolic soil, bleached soil
lime paste, milk of lime
гря́зный
dirty, filthy, soiled
muddy, miry
sordid, dishonest, obscene
ма́ркий
easily soiled
испа́чканный
stained, soiled, dirty, smeared
запя́тнанный
stained, spotted, soiled
sullied, tainted, disgraced, compromised
запа́чканный
dirty, stained, soiled, smeared
заля́панный
stained, spattered, smeared, soiled
изма́занный
smeared, soiled, stained, smudged
вы́мазаться
to get dirty, to get soiled, to smear oneself
Examples
Плодоро́дная по́чва незамени́ма для се́льского хозя́йства.
Fertile soil is indispensable for agriculture.
The soil here is fertile.
Что тако́е по́чвенная пищевая сеть?
What is the soil food web?
I'm plowing the soil.
Э́то была́ совершенно беспло́дная по́чва.
It was a very hungry soil.
2015 был Междунаро́дным годом почв и Междунаро́дным годом све́та и световых техноло́гий.
2015 was the International Year of Soil and also the International Year of Light.
Расте́ния поглоща́ют во́ду из по́чвы.
Plants take in water from the soil.
На камени́стой по́чве го́рного хребта́ расту́т скали́стые сосны.
Rocky pines grow on the stony soil of the mountain ridge.
Только из спокойствия мо́гут возни́кнуть вели́кие и прекра́сные дела; оно — та по́чва, на кото́рой только и произраста́ют зре́лые плоды́.
Only from tranquility can great and beautiful deeds arise; it is the soil in which ripe fruits alone can grow.
Ковш экскаватора поднял много земли.
The excavator bucket lifted a large amount of soil.
Огородная земля требует регулярного полива.
Garden soil requires regular watering.
Мы присыпали землёй посаженные семена.
We covered the planted seeds with soil.
Учёные изучают вещественный состав почвы.
Scientists study the material composition of the soil.
Влага всасывается в сухую землю.
Moisture is absorbed into the dry soil.
Кислотность почвы влияет на урожай.
Soil acidity affects the yield.
Задунайская равнина славится плодородными землями.
The Transdanubian Plain is renowned for its fertile soil.
Она поковыряла палочкой в земле.
She poked around in the soil with a stick.
Рабочие утрамбовали землю перед стройкой.
The workers compacted the soil before construction began.
Неоднородность почвы влияет на урожай.
Soil heterogeneity affects the yield.
Лаборатория провела геохимический анализ почвы.
The laboratory conducted a geochemical analysis of the soil.
Растение абсорбирует влагу из почвы.
The plant absorbs moisture from the soil.
После боронования земля стала мягче.
After harrowing, the soil became softer.
Отец учил сына бороновать землю.
The father taught his son to harrow the soil.
Почвоведение помогает понять состав земли.
Soil science helps us understand the composition of the soil.



















