отда́ть

verbperfective (partner отдава́ть)common #687B2

1.
to give back, to return, to pay back
Ты до́лжен отда́ть мне долг.
You have to pay me back what you owe.
The person is in the dative: отдать кому-либо что-либо.
2.
to hand over, to give, to hand in
Она́ отдала́ ключи́ учи́телю.
She handed the keys to the teacher.
Direct object in the accusative, recipient in the dative.
3.
to send (to an institution), to put (into school etc.), to entrust
Роди́тели отда́ли ребёнка в шко́лу.
The parents sent the child to school.
Typically with в/на + accusative: в школу, в детский сад, в ремонт.
4.
to devote, to dedicate, to give up (one's strength)
Она́ отдала́ все си́лы рабо́те.
She gave all her energy to her work.
Of time, energy, effort or life.
5.
to give (an order), to issue (an instruction)
Генера́л о́тдал прика́з.
The general gave an order.
Set phrase: отдать приказ / распоряжение.
6.
to pay, to spend, to shell out
Он о́тдал за но́вый телеви́зор ты́сячу е́вро.
He paid a thousand euros for the new TV.
Colloquial, of a noticeable sum: with за + accusative.
7.
to give off, to emit, to release
Полевы́е цветы́ отда́ли свой арома́т.
The wild flowers gave off their scent.
Of heat, light or scent.
8.
(rare) to marry off, to give in marriage
Её отда́ли за́муж совсе́м молодо́й.
They married her off when she was very young.
Colloquial; usually отдать (замуж) за кого-либо.

Examples

Э́то та подру́га, кото́рой я отдала́ ключ.
That's the friend I gave the key to.
Ты на пенёк сел — должен был коса́рь отда́ть.
Since you sat on the stump, you should've given me a grand.
Он отдал свою́ жизнь за на́цию.
He gave his life for the nation.
Он отда́ст тебе свою́ после́днюю руба́шку.
He would give you the shirt off his back.
Отда́йте.
Hand it over.
Отда́й э́то!
Give it back.
Куда можно отда́ть вы́гладить костю́м?
Where can I get my suit pressed?
Э́то моё. Отда́й.
That's mine. Give it back.
Я отдал бы жизнь за тебя.
I would lay down my life for you.
Он отдал бы тебе свою́ после́днюю руба́шку.
He would give you the shirt off his back.

Conjugation

	Present	Future
я	-	отда́м
ты	-	отда́шь
он/она́/оно́	-	отда́ст
мы	-	отдади́м
вы	-	отдади́те
они́	-	отдаду́т

Note: Stress change.

Imperative
ты	отда́й
вы	отда́йте

Past
masculine	о́тдал
feminine	отдала́
neuter	о́тдало
plural	о́тдали

Participles

Active present	-
Active past	отда́вший	having given, who has given, having handed over, having sacrificed
Passive present	-
Passive past	о́тданный	given, handed over, returned
Gerund present	-
Gerund past	отда́в отдавши	while doing (past)

Typical usagePRO

Giving back / handing over
- отда́ть что́-то кому́
  hand something to someone; pass on
- отда́ть де́ньги кому́
  pay someone back
- отда́ть кни́гу кому́
  return a book to someone
- отда́ть ключи́ кому́
  hand over the keys
Repayment and money
- отда́ть долг/долги́
  repay a debt; settle one’s debts
- отда́ть де́ньги за что
  pay that much for; shell out for
Preference and voting
- отда́ть предпочте́ние чему́
  give preference to; choose A over B
- отда́ть голо́с за кого́/что
  cast one’s vote for

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Word familyдатьPRO

датьto give; to let; to make (someone do something)
verbperfective
вы́датьto issue; to reveal; to extradite; to pass off (as)
verbperfective
да́тьсяto come easily (to); to be achieved; to let oneself be caught
verbperfective
зада́тьto ask (a question); to assign; to set (a standard); to throw (a party)
verbperfective
изда́тьto publish; to let out
verbperfective

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Prefix groupPRO

(Derived from дать.)

Verb	Prefix	Meaning
отда́ть	от-	to give back; to hand over; to send (to an institution); to devote; to give (an order); to pay; to give off; to marry off
отда́ться	от-	to devote oneself; to give oneself up (to a feeling); to resound; to give oneself (to a man)

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