под
- 1.
under, below, underneath
(a)location·где?→+instrumental
Чемода́н под крова́тью.
The suitcase is under the bed.
(b)motion·куда?→+accusative
Поста́вь стул под стол.
Put the chair under the table.
- 2.
near (a town or city), just outside, in the vicinity of
где?→+instrumental
Они́ живу́т под Москво́й.
They live just outside Moscow.
Mostly with town names: под Москво́й means the surroundings, not inside the city (в Москве́).
- 3.
towards (time, age, number), getting on for, just before, on the eve of
(a)time·когда?→+accusative
Под ве́чер ста́ло хо́лодно.
Towards evening it got cold.
(b)age→+accusative
Ему́ под со́рок.
He is getting on for forty.
(c)number→+accusative
под две́сти челове́к
nearly two hundred people
- 4.
subject to, under (a condition), under the influence of
(a)weather→+instrumental
Мы промо́кли под дождём.
We got soaked in the rain.
(b)danger→+instrumental
под огнём
under fire
(c)control→+instrumental
под контро́лем
under control
(d)drugs→+instrumental
под нарко́тиками
under the influence of drugs
Also под и́менем / под назва́нием, 'under the name of'.
- 5.
to the sound of, to (music), accompanied by
+accusative
Мы танцева́ли под му́зыку.
We danced to the music.
Also под гита́ру, под дикто́вку, под кри́ки, под шум …
- 6.
for (designated use), to be used as
+accusative
Э́то зда́ние о́тдали под шко́лу.
This building was given over for use as a school.
- 7.
in imitation of (material), -effect
+accusative
Мы купи́ли стол под дуб.
We bought an oak-effect table.
- 8.
downhill, down
down a slope·куда?→+accusative
Идти́ под го́ру ле́гче.
Going downhill is easier.
Any noun for a downward slope: под го́ру, под го́рку, под укло́н, под отко́с. под го́ру also occurs with the stress retracted, по́д гору.
Usage info
(i) ‘Support’ for the dependent noun
(ii) ‘Accompaniment’:
(iii) ‘Iimitation’, ‘adaptation to style’ etc.:
Examples
Мы продвига́лись под покро́вом темноты́.
We advanced under cover of darkness.
Ко́нкурс рече́й прошёл под покрови́тельством Министе́рства образова́ния.
The speech contest was held under the auspices of the Ministry of Education.
Пожалуйста, держи́ э́ту кни́гу под руко́й.
Please keep this book at hand.
Червь под ко́жей прощу́пывается как боле́зненный тяж.
You can feel the worm as a painful strand under the skin.
Typical usagePRO
Space: location (under + Instrumental)
под сто́лом
under the table
под крова́тью
under the bed
под кры́шей
under the roof
под землёй
underground; beneath the ground
Space: direction (to under + Accusative)
под стол
under the table (to a position)
под крова́ть
under the bed (to a position)
под зо́нтик
under the umbrella (to take cover)
под одея́ло
under the blanket
Time and approximation
под ве́чер
towards evening
под у́тро
towards morning
под ночь
towards nightfall
под коне́ц
towards the end
Fixed expressions
- себе́ под носto oneself
Idioms
- взять под стра́жуto take into custody
- под мы́шкойunder one's arm
- под нача́ломunder the command of
Word familyподPRO
- подunder; near (a town or city); towards (time, age, number); subject to; to the sound of; for (designated use); in imitation of (material); downhill
- подо́выйbaked in the hearth
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Contributions
Iron edited translation 2 months ago.
nrimanliyev edited translation 3 months ago.
drvuquangson edited translation 11 months ago.
